Kata benda bahasa Inggris: 165 kata sehari-hari per tema
Tim HarauKampung Inggris Sumatra
Kata benda = noun. Hafalkan per tema, lima belas kata sekali duduk, dan selalu bersama kata sandangnya: a book, an egg. Catat juga tiga hal yang tidak ada di bahasa Indonesia: bentuk jamak (books), kata yang tidak bisa dihitung (advice, information, homework), dan kata yang selalu jamak (trousers, glasses).
Isi artikel
- Kata benda bahasa Inggris itu apa saja?
- Kata benda untuk orang dan keluarga
- Kata benda di rumah
- Kata benda di dapur dan meja makan
- Kata benda di sekolah dan kelas
- Kata benda untuk pakaian
- Kata benda untuk tempat di kota
- Kata benda untuk alam dan cuaca
- Kata benda untuk kendaraan dan perjalanan
- Kata benda untuk gawai dan pekerjaan
- Kata benda untuk waktu
- Kata benda abstrak: perasaan dan gagasan
- A atau an di depan kata benda
- Kata benda yang menjebak orang Indonesia
- Kata benda majemuk: dua kata jadi satu benda
- Kesalahan yang sering muncul
- Latihan soal kata benda
- Cara memakai daftar ini
Kata benda bahasa Inggris (noun) adalah kata yang menamai orang, benda, tempat, waktu, dan gagasan: teacher (guru), door (pintu), market (pasar), morning (pagi), hope (harapan). Di halaman ini ada 165 kata benda yang paling sering dipakai sehari-hari, dibagi ke dalam sebelas tema, masing-masing dengan arti dan satu contoh kalimat. Di bagian akhir ada kata benda yang sering menjebak orang Indonesia dan sepuluh soal latihan.
Kata benda bahasa Inggris itu apa saja?
Semua yang bisa kamu beri nama adalah kata benda: orang, hewan, barang, tempat, waktu, sampai perasaan. Dalam bahasa Inggris kelas kata ini disebut noun. Teori lengkapnya, mulai dari jenis sampai fungsinya dalam kalimat, ada di artikel pengertian noun. Halaman ini fokus ke daftar katanya.
Supaya mudah dihafal, 165 kata di bawah ini dikelompokkan menurut tempat kamu biasa menemuinya. Tiap tabel berisi lima belas kata. Pilih satu tema sehari, baca contoh kalimatnya keras-keras, lalu buat kalimatmu sendiri.
Kata benda untuk orang dan keluarga
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| mother | ibu | My mother is a nurse. |
| father | ayah | His father is a farmer. |
| parents | orang tua | My parents live in Medan. |
| brother | saudara laki-laki | I have two brothers. |
| sister | saudara perempuan | Her sister is in high school. |
| grandmother | nenek | My grandmother tells great stories. |
| uncle | paman | My uncle drives a bus. |
| aunt | bibi | Our aunt visits us every month. |
| cousin | sepupu | My cousin and I are the same age. |
| friend | teman | She is my close friend. |
| neighbor | tetangga | Our neighbors are very kind. |
| teacher | guru | The teacher is writing on the board. |
| student | siswa, mahasiswa | There are twenty students in the class. |
| baby | bayi | The baby is sleeping. |
| guest | tamu | We have a guest tonight. |
Bahasa Inggris tidak membedakan saudara yang lebih tua dan lebih muda dalam satu kata. Tambahkan older atau younger: my older brother, my younger sister.
Kata benda di rumah
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| house | rumah | Their house is near the river. |
| room | kamar, ruangan | This room is very bright. |
| door | pintu | Please close the door. |
| window | jendela | Open the window, please. |
| floor | lantai | The floor is wet. |
| wall | dinding | There is a clock on the wall. |
| roof | atap | The roof is leaking. |
| key | kunci | I can't find my keys. |
| table | meja | Put the books on the table. |
| chair | kursi | This chair is broken. |
| bed | tempat tidur | I make my bed every morning. |
| pillow | bantal | I need a soft pillow. |
| blanket | selimut | It's cold. Take a blanket. |
| lamp | lampu | Turn off the lamp before you sleep. |
| mirror | cermin | She is looking in the mirror. |
House adalah bangunannya, home adalah tempat yang kamu anggap rumah. Karena itu "pulang" adalah go home, bukan go to house.
Kata benda di dapur dan meja makan
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| rice | nasi, beras | We eat rice every day. |
| water | air | Can I have some water? |
| bread | roti | I bought a loaf of bread. |
| egg | telur | She fried two eggs. |
| meat | daging | He doesn't eat meat. |
| fish | ikan | We had grilled fish for dinner. |
| vegetable | sayur | Eat more vegetables. |
| salt | garam | Pass me the salt, please. |
| sugar | gula | No sugar for me, thanks. |
| plate | piring | The plates are in the cupboard. |
| glass | gelas | A glass of iced tea, please. |
| spoon | sendok | I need a spoon for the soup. |
| knife | pisau | Be careful with that knife. |
| breakfast | sarapan | What did you have for breakfast? |
| snack | camilan | Let's buy some snacks. |
Bahasa Indonesia punya padi, gabah, beras, dan nasi. Bahasa Inggris cukup satu kata: rice. Untuk nama-nama buah, buka daftar nama buah dalam bahasa Inggris.
Kata benda di sekolah dan kelas
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| school | sekolah | My school starts at seven. |
| class | kelas | Our class begins after lunch. |
| lesson | pelajaran | Today's lesson is about nouns. |
| book | buku | I'm reading a good book. |
| notebook | buku catatan | Write it in your notebook. |
| pen | pulpen | May I borrow your pen? |
| pencil | pensil | Draw the line with a pencil. |
| eraser | penghapus | I lost my eraser. |
| ruler | penggaris | Use a ruler to draw the table. |
| bag | tas | My bag is heavy. |
| board | papan tulis | Look at the board. |
| paper | kertas | I need a piece of paper. |
| homework | PR | I have a lot of homework. |
| exam | ujian | The exam is next Monday. |
| dictionary | kamus | Look it up in the dictionary. |
Kata benda untuk pakaian
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| clothes | pakaian | I need to wash my clothes. |
| shirt | kemeja | He is wearing a white shirt. |
| T-shirt | kaus | This T-shirt is too small. |
| jacket | jaket | Bring a jacket. It's cold at night. |
| trousers | celana panjang | These trousers are too long. |
| skirt | rok | She bought a long skirt. |
| dress | gaun | That dress looks nice on you. |
| shoes | sepatu | Take off your shoes, please. |
| sandals | sandal | I wear sandals at home. |
| socks | kaus kaki | I can't find my socks. |
| hat | topi | He always wears a hat. |
| belt | ikat pinggang | I need a new belt. |
| glasses | kacamata | Where are my glasses? |
| watch | jam tangan | My watch is five minutes fast. |
| umbrella | payung | Don't forget your umbrella. |
Di American English, celana panjang lebih sering disebut pants. Di British English, pants berarti pakaian dalam, jadi di sana pakai trousers.
Kata benda untuk tempat di kota
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| city | kota | Padang is a big city. |
| village | desa | My grandparents live in a village. |
| street | jalan | The street is busy in the morning. |
| market | pasar | We buy vegetables at the market. |
| shop | toko | The shop opens at nine. |
| restaurant | rumah makan | Let's eat at that restaurant. |
| hospital | rumah sakit | She was born in this hospital. |
| bank | bank | The bank is closed on Sundays. |
| mosque | masjid | The mosque is next to the school. |
| library | perpustakaan | I study in the library. |
| station | stasiun | The train leaves the station at six. |
| airport | bandara | We arrived at the airport early. |
| hotel | hotel | The hotel is near the beach. |
| park | taman | Children are playing in the park. |
| office | kantor | My father goes to the office by bus. |
Kata benda untuk alam dan cuaca
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| sun | matahari | The sun rises in the east. |
| moon | bulan | The moon is full tonight. |
| star | bintang | We can see many stars here. |
| sky | langit | The sky is clear today. |
| cloud | awan | There are dark clouds in the sky. |
| rain | hujan | The rain stopped an hour ago. |
| wind | angin | The wind is strong today. |
| mountain | gunung | We climbed the mountain last year. |
| hill | bukit | Their house is on a hill. |
| river | sungai | The river is deep. |
| lake | danau | Lake Toba is a very large lake. |
| sea | laut | The sea is calm this morning. |
| beach | pantai | Let's go to the beach. |
| forest | hutan | Tigers live in the forest. |
| waterfall | air terjun | The waterfall is behind the cliff. |
Sun, moon, dan sky hampir selalu memakai the karena hanya ada satu: the sun, the moon, the sky.
Kata benda untuk kendaraan dan perjalanan
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| car | mobil | Their car is red. |
| motorcycle | sepeda motor | He goes to work by motorcycle. |
| bicycle | sepeda | I ride my bicycle to school. |
| bus | bus | The bus is full. |
| train | kereta api | The train is on time. |
| plane | pesawat | The plane lands at noon. |
| ship | kapal | The ship sails at night. |
| boat | perahu | We crossed the lake by boat. |
| ticket | tiket | I bought two tickets. |
| passport | paspor | Don't forget your passport. |
| luggage | barang bawaan, bagasi | How much luggage do you have? |
| map | peta | Check the map on your phone. |
| road | jalan raya | The road is under repair. |
| bridge | jembatan | We walked across the bridge. |
| trip | perjalanan | How was your trip? |
Sesudah by, nama kendaraan tidak diberi a atau the: by bus, by train, by motorcycle. Jalan kaki adalah on foot.
Kata benda untuk gawai dan pekerjaan
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| phone | ponsel | My phone is out of battery. |
| laptop | laptop | I left my laptop at home. |
| charger | pengisi daya | Can I borrow your charger? |
| screen | layar | The screen is too bright. |
| password | kata sandi | I forgot my password. |
| message | pesan | Send me a message when you arrive. |
| photo | foto | Let's take a photo together. |
| internet | internet | The internet is slow today. |
| job | pekerjaan | She is looking for a job. |
| salary | gaji | He saves part of his salary. |
| meeting | rapat | The meeting starts at ten. |
| boss | atasan | My boss is on leave. |
| customer | pelanggan | The customer is waiting outside. |
| company | perusahaan | He works for a small company. |
| experience | pengalaman | She has five years of experience. |
Job bisa dihitung (a job, two jobs), sedangkan work dalam arti pekerjaan tidak: I have a lot of work, bukan a lot of works.
Kata benda untuk waktu
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| time | waktu | We don't have much time. |
| hour | jam (lamanya) | The trip takes three hours. |
| minute | menit | Wait a minute, please. |
| day | hari | I had a long day. |
| week | minggu | See you next week. |
| month | bulan | We moved here last month. |
| year | tahun | This year went by fast. |
| morning | pagi | I jog in the morning. |
| afternoon | siang, sore | The class ends in the afternoon. |
| evening | petang, malam awal | We have dinner in the evening. |
| night | malam | It rained all night. |
| weekend | akhir pekan | What are you doing this weekend? |
| holiday | hari libur, liburan | The holiday starts tomorrow. |
| birthday | ulang tahun | Today is my birthday. |
| future | masa depan | Think about your future. |
"Jam" punya tiga padanan. Hour untuk lamanya (two hours), o'clock untuk pukul (seven o'clock), dan clock atau watch untuk bendanya. Nama-nama harinya ada di artikel nama hari dalam bahasa Inggris.
Kata benda abstrak: perasaan dan gagasan
Kata benda tidak harus bisa dipegang. Lima belas kata ini menamai hal yang hanya bisa dirasakan atau dipikirkan.
| Kata benda | Arti | Contoh kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| love | cinta, kasih sayang | A mother's love is endless. |
| happiness | kebahagiaan | Money can't buy happiness. |
| fear | rasa takut | She overcame her fear of speaking. |
| hope | harapan | Never lose hope. |
| dream | mimpi, impian | My dream is to study abroad. |
| idea | ide, gagasan | That's a great idea. |
| problem | masalah | We can solve this problem. |
| reason | alasan | Give me one good reason. |
| choice | pilihan | It was a hard choice. |
| chance | kesempatan | Give him another chance. |
| health | kesehatan | Sleep is good for your health. |
| freedom | kebebasan | They fought for freedom. |
| knowledge | pengetahuan | Reading adds to your knowledge. |
| advice | nasihat, saran | Thanks for your advice. |
| information | informasi | I need more information. |
A atau an di depan kata benda
Kata benda tunggal yang bisa dihitung hampir tidak pernah berdiri sendirian. Di depannya ada a, an, the, atau kata milik seperti my. Jadi "Aku punya buku" bukan I have book, melainkan I have a book.
| Bunyi awal | Kata sandang | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| konsonan | a | a book, a chair, a teacher |
| vokal (a, i, u, e, o) | an | an egg, an umbrella, an idea |
| huruf vokal, bunyi konsonan | a | a university, a uniform |
| huruf h yang tidak dibaca | an | an hour, an honest answer |
Biasakan menghafal kata benda bersama kata sandangnya. Menghafal an umbrella lebih berguna daripada menghafal umbrella saja.
Kata benda yang menjebak orang Indonesia
Tidak bisa dihitung, jadi tanpa a dan tanpa s
| Kata benda | Salah | Cara menyebut jumlahnya |
|---|---|---|
| advice | an advice, advices | a piece of advice, some advice |
| information | informations | a piece of information |
| homework | homeworks | a lot of homework |
| luggage | luggages | two pieces of luggage, two bags |
| furniture | furnitures | a piece of furniture |
| news | a news | a piece of news, some news |
| bread | a bread | a loaf of bread, a slice of bread |
| money | moneys | some money, a lot of money |
Selalu berbentuk jamak
Trousers, jeans, shorts, glasses, dan scissors selalu memakai kata kerja jamak: My glasses are on the table. Untuk menghitungnya pakai a pair of: a pair of trousers, two pairs of glasses. Kata clothes juga selalu jamak dan tidak punya bentuk tunggal. Satu potong pakaian disebut a piece of clothing.
Bentuk jamak yang tidak memakai -s
| Tunggal | Jamak | Arti |
|---|---|---|
| man | men | laki-laki |
| woman | women | perempuan |
| child | children | anak |
| person | people | orang |
| knife | knives | pisau |
| fish | fish | ikan |
Kata yang terdengar Inggris, padahal bukan
Beberapa kata yang kita pakai sehari-hari terdengar seperti bahasa Inggris, tetapi penutur aslinya memakai kata lain.
| Yang biasa kita sebut | Bahasa Inggris yang dipakai |
|---|---|
| handphone, HP | mobile phone, cell phone, phone |
| AC | air conditioner |
| flashdisk | flash drive, USB drive |
| mic | microphone |
| pulsa | phone credit |
| kos | boarding house |
| sepatu kets | sneakers, trainers |
Kata benda majemuk: dua kata jadi satu benda
Bahasa Inggris suka menggabungkan dua kata benda. Kata pertama menjelaskan, kata kedua adalah bendanya. Urutannya terbalik dari bahasa Indonesia.
| Gabungan | Hasil | Arti |
|---|---|---|
| bed + room | bedroom | kamar tidur |
| class + room | classroom | ruang kelas |
| tooth + brush | toothbrush | sikat gigi |
| rain + coat | raincoat | jas hujan |
| book + shop | bookshop | toko buku |
| bus + stop | bus stop | halte bus |
| water + bottle | water bottle | botol minum |
| phone + number | phone number | nomor telepon |
Sebagian ditulis serangkai, sebagian dipisah. Kalau ragu, cek kamus.
Kesalahan yang sering muncul
| Salah | Benar | Kenapa |
|---|---|---|
| I have book. | I have a book. | Kata benda tunggal butuh kata sandang. |
| She gave me an advice. | She gave me some advice. | Advice tidak bisa dihitung. |
| I have many homeworks. | I have a lot of homework. | Homework tidak dijamakkan. |
| There are five childs. | There are five children. | Jamak tidak beraturan. |
| Many peoples came. | Many people came. | People sudah jamak. |
| My trouser is new. | My trousers are new. | Trousers selalu jamak. |
| I go to home. | I go home. | Home tanpa to. |
| The news are good. | The news is good. | News tunggal walau berakhiran s. |
Latihan soal kata benda
A. Tulis bahasa Inggrisnya.
- tetangga
- selimut
- perpustakaan
- jembatan
- kesempatan
B. Pilih yang tepat.
- I need (a / an) umbrella.
- Can you give me some (advice / advices)?
- There are three (childs / children) in the park.
C. Perbaiki kalimatnya.
- My glasses is on the table.
- I have a lot of homeworks today.
Kunci jawaban
- neighbor
- blanket
- library
- bridge
- chance
- an
- advice
- children
- My glasses are on the table.
- I have a lot of homework today.
Cara memakai daftar ini
- Satu tema sehari. Lima belas kata cukup. Besoknya, ulangi tema kemarin dua menit sebelum mulai tema baru.
- Tempel label. Tulis door, mirror, window di kertas kecil dan tempel di bendanya selama seminggu.
- Pasangkan dengan kata lain. Kata benda baru hidup kalau bertemu kata kerja dan kata sifat: a heavy bag, open the window, a busy street.
- Ceritakan satu foto. Sebut semua benda yang terlihat, lalu rangkai jadi tiga kalimat.
Tema lain, dari angka sampai anggota tubuh, terkumpul di halaman kosakata bahasa Inggris sehari-hari. Kalau kamu ingin kosakata dasar ini langsung dipakai bicara dengan teman dan tutor, lihat program Basic di Kampung Inggris Sumatra.
Kata bendanya hafal, kalimatnya belum keluar?
Di program Basic Kampung Inggris Sumatra, kosakata dasar tidak dihafal sendirian. Kamu memakainya untuk mendeskripsikan kamar, bercerita soal keluarga, dan bertanya ke teman sekelas, sampai kata-katanya terasa milikmu sendiri.
